M.I. Glinka "Kamarinskaya": history, video, content

M.I. Glinka "Kamarinskaya"

The symphonic works of Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka are rich. But not in the number of works is wealth, but in the value and quality of the material. The main way of orchestral works is sketching people's life. No exception is the most famous essay - "Kamarinskaya". Learn the history of the essay, get acquainted with the content, as well as read interesting facts on our page.

History of creation

1848 The composer went to live in Warsaw. Longing for homeland, Glinka began to recall folk motifs that were so different from the colorful melodies of other European countries. Suddenly, he found a strong similarity between two famous Russian folk songs "Because of mountains, mountains, high mountains", which is usually performed at wedding celebrations, and dance "Kamarinskaya". Initially, a small piano work was conceived. But the composer's imagination played out in earnest, and it turned out to be a rather interesting orchestral piece. The author did not try to give a program for composition, the only thing that governed him during the composition was the inner musical sense of the development of musical material.

Glinka began to write the score at the beginning of August 1848. The work was progressing rapidly, therefore in October of this year the work was completely finished. His performance took place on March 15, two years later. Compared with the two "Spanish overtures" that were part of this concert, "Kamarinskaya" sounded even brighter and more patriotic. The generosity and brightness of the musical material made the best impression on the audience.

Interesting Facts

• The name for the work came up with Prince Odoyevsky;
• Originally, Glinka wanted to create a piano composition.
• The composer's symphonic scores always have a unique form, since Mikhail Ivanovich tried not to repeat himself in the composition of the composition.
• Russian folk song "Kamarinskaya" appeared as a joyful dance in honor of liberation from the Tatar-Mongol yoke. This fact is confirmed by the famous local historian G.M. Pyasetsky.
• Despite the large number of podgolok in the orchestra, the composer was afraid to use a large number of ornaments, creating a sense of exaggeration. The main rule for creating a score is naturalness in everything.
• Explaining the composition of the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, F.M. Tolstoy gave the work a programmatic interpretation unexpected for Glinka. According to him, in the last part, where the horn pedal is held, the drunkard knocks into the room where the fun is and asks him to open the door. Mikhail Ivanovich was indignant at this interpretation; he was offended by such associations.
• The first name, which gave the work of Glinka, sounded like "Wedding and Dance" for the orchestra.
• The most popular edition was created by M. Balakiriev and S. Lyapunov.
• The presence of a descending step motion for a quart helped bring two tunes together.
• There is a not very common version that the essay reflects the history of the "Time of Troubles".
• In 1980, the famous music was released animated film "Kamarinskaya". The cartoon belongs to a series of adaptation of folk songs and masterpieces of national classics, realized by director Inessa Kovalevskaya.

Content

The composer's symphonic works can be distinguished by a special diversity of rich images and content. At the same time, music is understandable for everyone, regardless of education. His work is directed precisely to the origins of national culture, the most important place in which songs and dances are played. Not an exception was Kamarinskaya, in which the authentic tunes were introduced.

Kamarinskaya is a colorful picture of the life of the people. In this composition, absolutely new techniques for domestic music were applied:

• Intonation develops continuously, which creates new melodic contrasts.
• Orchestration has a huge number of podsolokov based on the intonation of the two themes.
• Use songs to create symphonic fantasy.
• Variations are an expression of a general idea: to show the unity of the Russian spirit in different genres. This gives integrity to the composition.
• Rejection of the usual European methods of music development: sequence, fragmentation, etc.

The form of the work: double variations.

First topic - wedding song "Because of the mountains, the mountains, high". The tonality - F-dur. Character lyrical, thoughtful. Melody melody and relief. It is exhibited immediately after a short, slow introduction, and plays the role of a solo solo in unison with stringed instruments. 2 variations have their own solo group:

1. Woodwind instruments (voices in other voices)
2. Cello

The third variation is the choral sound created by the tutti technique (that is, the whole orchestra plays).

Such a correlation of themes is largely characteristic of the character of folk music, full of contrasts. Despite this, the themes have a common structure, namely the downward quart movement. It is for this reason that he was able to combine them in the next construction. Then the first theme began to develop along the lines of the second, which further reduced their internal contrast. In this case, variations are couplet in nature.

Second topic - Dance "Kamarinskaya". The key is D-dur. By the nature of it is fast, fast, fun. The development is carried out by polyphonic techniques, that is, the variations do not affect the subject, namely, the headers. This technique helps to create more intricate and diverse music. Thus, one can notice the following development of the party:

• The first six variations: unchanged themes, variations on accompaniment.
• Enrichment of the topic with figurative features peculiar mainly to folk instruments, such as balalaika.
• Creation of new melodies related to the intonational structure of the dance.

It is noteworthy that the changes in the latest variations of the second topic are close to the first topic. Thus, the pace becomes close to the wedding motif, which allows achieving thematic unity of all fantasy. It is worth noting that the mastery of the composition is also in orchestration. Pizzicato strings in the second theme helps to achieve the most truthful sound of folk instruments. In the future, the orchestration is constantly changing, which makes the composition skillful in all respects.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka played a huge role for the development of national symphonic music. His methods of using folk songs helped other famous composers to master the technique of writing compositions on Russian folklore motifs. He opened for the new generation an inexhaustible source of inspiration - folk culture.